Author contributions: KA, EW, JG, CLY, PR and AQ were involved in the design, execution and data analysis of the study, and in the writing of the manuscript. DW, AP, JML, CC and CO reviewed the design of the study and were involved in its execution. Conflicts of interest: KA has received honoraria for Selleck LY2109761 consultancy work from Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. DJW has received research grants from GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Merck,

Gilead Sciences, Tibotec, Pfizer and ViiV. He has also been a consultant at advisory boards and speaker bureaus for GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tibotec, Gilead Sciences and Pfizer. CO has received travel sponsorships from, provided advice to, and received research grants from Janssen, ViiV, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Bristol-Myers Squibb,

Gilead Sciences and Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. AP, JML and CC do not have any conflicts of interest. AQ, EW, CLY, PR and JG are employees of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. Alpelisib research buy “
“The objective of this study was to establish the level of awareness of HAND among healthcare providers, the screening tools that are currently used in its detection and factors that limit cognitive assessments. We distributed a 12-item questionnaire to doctors and nurses who work in the Department of Genitourinary Medicine and Infectious

Disease (GUIDE) service and also to doctors who work in the emergency department (ED) at St James Hospital. 35 surveys were collected, 54% (n = 19) from the GUIDE service and 46% (n = 16) from the ED. 82% (n = 29) of participants were doctors from interns to consultants. There was reasonable appreciation among participants with regards the prevalence of neurocognitive impairment (estimated at 29.1% among patients on HAART, and 39.3% among patients not on HAART). Screening tools were rarely used by GUIDE and ED clinicians (25% vs. 15% of the time). The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was previously used by 37% (n = 13) of the group. Very few people had used the HIV Dementia Scale (HIVDS) 6% (n = 2). Gefitinib 34% of respondents felt that ‘Orientation in Person, Place and Time was a sufficient screening tool for cognitive assessment’. Lack of time, exposed environment and lack of availability of screening tool were cited as limitations to cognitive screening in the ED environment. This study examines awareness of HAND among healthcare providers and also reasons for inadequate assessment. There is a need for consensus on screening guidelines. A quick, easy to use and readily available screening tool may have a role in the acute setting in identifying high-risk patients. “
“To assess the risk factors associated with heterosexual HIV transmission among South Indian discordant couples enrolled in clinical care.