Results: One-hundred and three (7.3%) patients were on chronic anticoagulation drugs (80 on vitamin K antagonists) at the time of EVAR. An additional 46 patients

started on anticoagulants after repair were identified. Patients on chronic anticoagulation therapy at repair (mean age 73.6 years; 91 males) had more frequent cardiac disease (74.8% vs. 44.2%; p < 00001), but no other differences in demographic and major baseline comorbidities with respect to the others. At baseline, mean abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diameter was 56.43 mm vs. 54.65 mm (p = .076) and aortic neck length 26.54 mm vs. 25.21 mm (p = .26) in patients with and without anticoagulants, respectively. At 5 years, freedom from endoleak rates were 55.5% CYT387 JAK/STAT inhibitor vs. 69.9% (p < .0001), and freedom from reintervention/conversion rates were 69.4% vs. 82.4% (p < .0001) in patients with (including those with delayed drug use) and without chronic anticoagulants, respectively. Controlling for covariates with the Cox regression method, at a mean follow-up of 64.3 +/- 45.2 months after EVAR, use of anticoagulation drugs was independently associated with an increased risk of endoleak (odds ratio, OR 1.6; 95% confidence interval, Cl: 1.23-2.07;

p < .0001) and reintervention or late conversion rates (OR 1.8; 95% Cl: 1.31-2.48; p < .0001).

Conclusions: The safety of anticoagulation therapy after EVAR is debatable. Chronic anticoagulation drug use risks exposure to a poor long-term outcome. JQEZ5 A critical and balanced decision-making approach should be applied to patients with AAA and cardiac disease who may require prolonged anticoagulation treatment. (C) 2013 European Society for Vascular S3I-201 Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND: Yarrowia lipolytica lipase LIP2 (YlLIP2) is an important industrial enzyme that has many potential applications. Although it has been successfully expressed

in Pichia pastoris under the control of the AOX1 promoter (pAOX1), there have been many efforts to develop new alternative promoters to pAOX1 in order to avoid using methanol in the fermentation. Investigation of YlLIP2 production in P. pastoris using the formaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 promoter (pFLD1) is especially attractive, since little is known about its application in methanol-free culture strategies.

RESULTS: Three fed-batch cultivations were performed to investigate the production of YlLIP2 in a pFLD1-based system. When methanol was used as the fed-batch feeding substrate, the maximum YlLIP2 activity obtained in a 10-L bioreactor was 30 000 UmL-1 after 143 h of culture, whereas themaximum YlLIP2 activitywas further increased to 35 000 UmL-1 by adopting a co-induction strategy with methanol and methylamine as a mixed fed-batch substrate. Furthermore, the maximum YlLIP2 activity reached 13 000 UmL-1 after 80 h of cultivation in a methanol-free culture.