For reasons of conformity with recently published contributions in the field of peptaibiotics, dual nomenclature is retained in this chemically focussed article.   2 The trichorzianin-producing strain ATCC 36042 (= CBS 391.92) has originally been identified as T. harzianum (el Hajji et al. 1987) but later shown to belong to T. atroviride (Kuhls et al. 1996).   3 Neither a specimen, nor a culture of the hypelcin producer has been deposited. AZD1480 cell line However, misidentification of H.

peltata is impossible due to its cushion-like big stromata and distinctive bicellular ascospores (Samuels and Ismaiel 2011).   4 Defined as the dynamic entirety of peptaibiotics formed by a producing fungus under defined culture conditions (Krause et al. 2006a).   5 The trichotoxin A-producing strain NRRL 5242 (now A-18169 in the ARS culture collection = CBS 361.97 = ATCC 38501) has originally been identified as T. viride but was subsequently reidentified as T. asperellum (Lieckfeldt et al. 1999; Samuels et al. 1999). The trichotoxin B (= trichovirin) producer, strain NRRL 5243 (= ATCC 90200), is not in the ARS catalogue but available as A-18207.   6 Hypomurocins have been isolated from strain IFO 31288 (Becker et al. 1997), originally misidentified as Hypocrea muroiana. The producer belongs, in fact, to T. atroviride (Samuels et al. 2006).   7 The neoatroviridin

producer T. atroviride F80317 (Oh et al. 2005) has neither been deposited with an IDA, nor has its identity been verified phylogenetically. MK5108 supplier   8 Nielsen KF, Samuels GJ (2013) unpublished results.   9 Trichokonin VI is identical to gliodeliquescin A that has been isolated from Gliocladium deliquescens NRRL 1086 (Brückner

et al. 1988) and not from NRRL 3091 (Brückner and Przybylski 1984). According to phylogenetic data, G. deliquescens NRRL 1086 (= CBS 228.48 = ATCC 10097) was re-identified as G. viride, see (www.​straininfo.​net/​strains/​260309).”
“The known selleck chemical biodiversity of black yeasts and their allies has exploded over the last clonidine decades. This even applies to medically significant genera such as Exophiala and Cladophialophora, where the number of accepted species has grown since the 1990s of the previous century from 9 to 44 and from 5 to 34, respectively. A first source of change no doubt is dissection of many supposed ubiquitous generalists into series of narrowly circumscribed molecular siblings, which often appear to be specialists with ecological preferences differing significantly between species. An early example of subdivision of classical species in black yeasts, using DNA homology techniques, concerned Exophiala jeanselmei. One of its siblings today is known to be a biofilm former in drinking water networks, while E. jeanselmei sensu stricto is thus far only known from subcutaneous infections in humans. Multilocus sequencing-aided discovery of molecular siblings has now become standard in mycology.