5%) were male while 167 (37.5%) were female. The patients’ median age was 32 years (SD 13.3) with a range 17DMAG datasheet of 15-82 years. Stratification according to age showed that 244 (54.8) of the patients were aged 15-34, 144 (32.4%) were 35-54 years while 44 (9.9%) were 55+. In 13 (2.9%) cases, information about age was
not available. Of all the patients, 98 (22%) were HIV positive, 122 (27.4%) HIV negative and 225 (50.6%) were not tested for HIV. The majority of the HIV positive patients were from the South 89/195 (45.6%), while 9/25 (36.0%) were from the North. The age distribution among patients that were tested for HIV and the ones that were not tested were similar, patient’s median age were 32 (SD 13.9) and 31.5 years (SD 12.7) respectively. Spoligotyping Spoligotyping produced a total of 147 different patterns for the 445 strains
studied. Forty-nine patterns corresponded to orphan see more strains that were unique among more than 73,000 strains recorded in the SITVIT2 database (Additional file 1), as opposed to 98 patterns from 396 patients that corresponded to shared-types (SITs), i.e. an identical pattern shared by two or more patients worldwide (within this study, or matching another strain in the SITVIT2 database), as shown in Additional file 2. The genotypic clade designations, the percentage distribution of all SITs observed in this study; for each of the SIT shown, their binary/octal description, the number of total strains and percentage Selleckchem SCH772984 in the present study as compared to the same in the SITVIT2 database are summarized in Additional file 2. Phylogenetic lineage description for each SIT was also provided. For the 98 SITs recorded a total of 79 SITs (containing 368 isolates) matched a pre-existing SIT in the SITVIT2 database, whereas 19 SITs (containing 28 isolates) were newly-created either within the present study or after a match with an orphan in the database. Irrespective selleck chemicals of the database comparison, 50 patterns corresponded to clusters in the present study (Additional file 2); 50 clusters containing 348 isolates (2 – 32 isolates per cluster), amounting to an overall clustering rate of 78.2% (348/445). When the spoligotyping results and clade definitions
were linked to the distribution of clinical isolates within Principal Genetic Group (PGG) 1 versus PGG2/3 (characterized by the lack of spacers 33-36), it was evident that 185 or 41.6% of the isolates belonged to PGG1 (ancient lineages) as compared to 260 or 58.4% to the PGG2/3 (modern lineages) (Fig 2). Figure 2 The principal genetic groups (PGG) in Mozambique. The figure illustrates the 4 most predominant clades in our study comprised both PGG1 and PGG2/3 lineages: LAM (PGG 2/3); ancestral EAI (PGG1); T clade (PGG 2/3); and the globally-emerging Beijing clone (PGG1). If one takes the sample of clinical isolates with newly created SITs in the database and orphans as an indication of newly documented diversity of tubercle bacilli, a total of 39/185 or 21.