“
“Background: Transcatheter microwave ablation is a novel technique for treating cardiac arrhythmias.

Methods: We investigated the effects of catheter temperature, application duration, and antenna length on lesion dimensions during catheter-based microwave ablation. In a swine thigh muscle preparation, microwave was delivered at targeted temperatures of 60 degrees C (n = 18), 70 degrees C (n = 27), 80 degrees C (n = 43), or 90 degrees C (n = 18) for 120 seconds with 10-mm antenna;

and at targeted temperatures of 80 degrees C for 120 seconds (n = 22), 150 seconds (n = 18), 180 seconds (n = 18), 210 seconds (n = 18), and 240 seconds (n = 17) with 20-mm antenna using 10 F catheter (MedWaves, San Diego, CA, USA) during parallel orientation. Conventional radiofrequency ablation (RF) using a SB-715992 chemical structure 4-mm tip electrode was performed as control.

Results: With 120-second energy applications,

Selisistat in vivo lesion length and depth were significantly larger with targeted temperatures of 80 degrees C and 90 degrees C than 60 degrees C (P < 0.05). Furthermore, lesion depth and width, but not length, were significantly increased by prolonging energy application duration from 120 to 240 seconds at targeted temperature of 80 degrees C (P < 0.05). Compared to RF, microwave lesions were significantly longer but had comparable depth and width. A 20-mm microwave antenna produced longer lesions than either a 10-mm antenna or RF ablation catheter. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that targeted temperature >= 80 degrees C, application duration >= 150 seconds, and use of 20-mm antenna were independent predictors for lesion depth and width (P < 0.05). Surface dessication was observed in 4/18 (22%) lesions at 90 degrees C, as compared with 1/136 (0.7%) at 80 degrees C targeted tip temperature check details (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: This study demonstrated that lesions size with transcatheter microwave ablation can be controlled by adjusting targeted temperature, energy application duration, and antenna length. A targeted temperature of 80 degrees C for more than 150 seconds should

provide optimal lesion dimensions and lower risk of surface dessication or charring.

(PACE 2009; 32:201-208).”
“Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is known to be caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) gene. We report an infant with transient neonatal hypercalcemia who was found to be homozygous for a polymorphism at A986S of the CaSR.”
“BACKGROUNDIn this work, the electrolysis of dimethyl phthalate (DMP, a widely-use plasticizer) with conductive-diamond anodes is studied.

RESULTSResults show that this technology is capable of depleting this pollutant in a wide range of initial concentrations. Although mass transfer limits the kinetics of the process, there is a significant contribution of mediated oxidation and the rate of the processes improve with increasing current density, while the efficiency decreases.