Blood pressure was measured to the nearest 1 mmHg by an automatic sphygmomanometry (BP-203

RV III B; Nippon COLIN, Komaki, Japan). Elevated blood pressure or hypertension was diagnosed if resting blood pressures were 130/85 mmHg or more or if the participants had either a history of hypertension or use of antihypertensive ICG-001 cell line medication, respectively. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination was performed using convex-type real-time electronic scanners (SSA 250 and 300; Toshiba Medical, Tokyo, Japan) by 10 technicians without any information about any present illness. All images were printed on the sonographic papers and reviewed by other technicians and physicians. Fatty liver was assessed according to the modified criteria reported previously.30–33 Liver brightness (diagnosed by difference of more than 10 from the average of liver and renal cortical echo amplitudes), attenuation of echo penetration and decreased visualization of veins were included as criteria. Logistic regression analyses were, find more respectively, performed to determine the risk of IFG or T2DM in both men and women separately. We evaluated two models in both sexes; an age-adjusted and a multivariate model with adjustment for age (< 40, 40–49, 50–59 and ≥ 60 years),

BMI (< 25 kg/m2, 25–29.9 kg/m2 and ≥ 30 kg/m2), alcohol drinking (none, occasional, daily or unknown), smoking (never, ever or unknown), family history of DM (yes, no or unknown) and fatty liver (yes or MCE no) which were assessed in 2000. We also determined the interaction between fatty liver and BMI in a separate study. BMI was incorporated into the models as a continuous variable. In order to simplify interpretation, BMI was transformed by subtracting 22 (centerization). Statistical differences among groups were identified using one-way anova, followed by multiple comparisons using Bonferroni’s method. The χ2-test and Fisher’s test were employed for comparison of prevalence of fatty liver, IFG, and T2DM. Logistic regression analyses were performed

using computer software (SPSS ver. 13.0 for Windows; SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Incidences of newly diagnosed IFG and T2DM between 2000 and 2005 were, respectively, 5.9% and 0.8% overall (7.6% and 1.0% in men and 3.8% and 0.5% in women). They were 10.6% and 2.9% in men with fatty liver, and 5.2% and 0.6% in men without fatty liver. For women, the respective figures were 9.4% and 2.0% with fatty liver, and 2.6% and 0.4% without fatty liver. In both sexes, the differences were significant. The 78.0% of male and 71.3% of female participants with fatty liver in 2000 were assessed as fatty liver in 2005. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the subjects by fatty liver status in men and women.