(C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.”
“Introduction Many studies have demonstrated a rise in troponin and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels following prolonged and/or strenuous exercise. Only one study looked at athletes who collapse and this showed no difference in cardiac biomarkers between those who collapsed and selleck chemicals those who completed without requiring medical attention. We set out to describe and quantify the changes in troponin and BNP in three groups of non-elite runners at the 2009 London marathon: those with and without

known structural heart disease (SHD) and those who collapsed on completion. Methods The first group (recruited group, RG) was recruited at the prerace exhibition. This group had

two subsets, runners with SHD and without (non-SHD). A second group was recruited from those who collapsed (collapsed group, CG). Blood was taken for troponin I (TnI), troponin T (TnT), high sensitivity TnT (HSTnT) and BNP. Results Cardiac biomarker levels increased in all groups following the marathon. No statistically significant difference was seen between the SHD and non-SHD subgroups. When comparing the RG and CG the number and degree of rise was greater in those who collapsed. A trend for the degree of rise of HSTnT was demonstrated. Discussion We identified runners Epigenetics inhibitor with troponin levels that, in other circumstances, would raise concern for myocardial necrosis. However

absence of adverse clinical sequelae would suggest this rise is physiological. The cause and clinical significance of the increased HSTnT levels seen in those that collapsed is yet to be fully elucidated.”
“Sandfly-borne phleboviruses may cause a transient febrile illness (sandfly buy Pexidartinib fever) or more severe neuroinvasive disease. In the Old World, they are vectored by phlebotomine flies, which are widely distributed in the Mediterranean basin, North Africa, the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East and central Asia. High seroprevalence rates have been recorded in humans and domestic animals in areas where sandflies are present. Most published studies have focused on phlebovirus infections of travelers and of soldiers stationed in endemic areas, but the health impact on local populations should not be underestimated, as seroprevalence studies indicate massive circulation of these viruses, even if disease is seldom documented. Except for Toscana virus, which shows a marked neurotropism and is a leading cause of aseptic meningitis in endemic regions, phlebovirus infections are inadequately considered by physicians and are generally underestimated. However, several properties of these viruses suggest that they will extend their geographic range. First, changes in the areas occupied by sandflies as a result of climate change have a direct impact on the epidemiology of associated human and animal diseases.