Clinical and biological profiles worsen with advanced stage of kidney impairment. In general, management of patients prior to referral was poor. Conclusions. This study has revealed the disconcerting high rate of late referral to nephrologists in this context. Many potential factors can account for this observed pattern, and it is worth investigating to improve referral and outcomes of patients with kidney diseases in Cameroon.”
“Plant extracts have been suggested as a rich as yet unexplored source of potentially useful anti-diabetic drugs. Recent scientific investigations have confirmed the efficacy of many of these preparations, as effective antioxidants; able to

regenerate functional pancreatic beta cells and has a hypoglycemic potential. In this study, the exotic PLX4032 in vitro rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) fruit’s rind has been shown to be effective in inhibiting the

carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes. alpha glucosidase (EC50=2.7 mu g/mL) and alpha amylase (EC50 = 70.8 mu g/mL), at a much more significant level than the drug acarbose (EC50 = 3500 mu g/mL; alpha glucosidase; EC50 = 12 mu g/mL.; alpha amylase). In addition, the geraniin-enriched ethanolic extracts were able to inhibit the key enzyme in the polyol pathway, aldol reductase (EC50 = 0.04 mu g/mL) and prevent the SU5402 in vitro formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) by 43%. These findings indicate that the geraniin-standardized N. lappaceum rind may be a potential source of an anti-hyperglycemic agent. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“There is a growing shortage of size-matched organs and tissues for children. Although examples of substandard care are reported in the literature, there is no overview of the paediatric donation process. The aim of the study is to gain insight into the

chain of events, practices and procedures in paediatric donation. Method; a survey of the 19902010 literature on paediatric organ and tissue donation and categorization into a coherent chronological working model of key events and procedures. Studies on paediatric donation are rare. Twelve empirical studies were found, without any level I or level II-1 evidence. Seventy-five per cent of the studies describe the situation in the United States. Literature suggests Fosbretabulin ic50 that the identification of potential donors and the way in which parental consent is requested may be substandard. We found no literature discussing best practices. Notwithstanding the importance of looking at donation care as an integrated process, most studies discuss only a few isolated topics or sub-processes. To improve paediatric donation, more research is required on substandard factors and their interactions. A chronological working model, as presented here, starting with the identification of potential donors and ending with aftercare, could serve as a practical tool to optimize paediatric donation.