Detailed algorithms summarise the diagnostic pathway for coeliac disease, including the role of serology, genetic testing, gluten challenge and endoscopy. “
“Abdominal distension may develop as progression of a known chronic disease such as in fibrocystic disease or cystic fibrosis or be the first presenting sign of an underlying liver disease such as hepatocellular carcinoma. This chapter provides a differential diagnosis, relevant investigations including details on procoagulant

investigations, and a management GW-572016 in vivo plan. “
“Abdominal bloating is associated with intra-abdominal mass, distended bowel loops including bowel obstruction or perforation. Motility disorders, including constipation, or malabsorption are more often gradual onset. This chapter reviews causes, with investigations and management of bacterial overgrowth. “
“This chapter reviews the causes of perianal pain, and reviews signs and symptoms to aid diagnosis and management. “
“Children who are found to have unexpectedly abnormal liver biochemistry may have liver disease or it may be part of a multisystem disorder. Increasingly abnormal liver biochemistry is identified in obese children. This chapter provides a differential diagnosis when identifying abnormal liver

biochemistry for the first time, how to investigate and manage the child. “
“Enteral tube feeding ensures safe and sufficient nutrition where oral feeding is dangerous or insufficient to meet nutritional Everolimus research buy demands. The use of enteral feeding should include a plan for weaning onto a normal diet, unless the Megestrol Acetate indications for long-term feeding are clear. This chapter discusses different types of tubes and their usage. Measurement of approximate length for nasogastric (NG) tube placement is determined by measuring from the ear to the corner of the mouth + mouth to xiphoid. Nasojejunal is useful especially in the critical care setting or for short-term use

in superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome. Gastrostomy tube can be inserted endoscopically (PEG), laparoscopically or via open procedure. For feeding using an enteral tube the choice of feed depends on the reason for insertion. Lower concentrations of feed and the use of continuous feeds are recommended for jejunal tubes to decrease the risk of diarrhoea. “
“In the December 2013 issue of Hepatology, in the article titled “Hepatic myofibroblasts promote the progression of human cholangiocarcinoma through activation of epidermal growth factor receptor” (volume 58, pages 2001-2011; doi: 10.1002/hep.26585), by Audrey Clapéron, Martine Mergey, Lynda Aoudjehane, Thanh Huong Nguyen Ho-Bouldoires, Dominique Wendum, Aurélie Prignon, Fatiha Merabtene, Delphine Firrincieli, Christèle Desbois-Mouthon, Olivier Scatton, Filomena Conti, Chantal Housset, and Laura Fouassier, images corresponding to the cell preparation CM3 in Fig.