In the last 20 years, 256 cases of the central nervous system hydatid cyst have been published from Iran. This cyst site accounted for the third common site of the hydatid cyst after the lung and liver. The hydatid cyst of the spinal cord is less common. According to the recent literature, this cyst accounts for about 1% of all the cases of the hydatid cyst.29 In this location, the intravertebral discs are usually preserved because the disease

tends to progress beneath the periosteum and BKM120 datasheet ligaments.29 The orbital hydatid cyst accounts for about 1-2% of the cases in the previous literature and is most commonly detected in childhood.158 Our survey yielded 36 cases of the orbital hydatid Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical cyst published from Iran.15,26,27 Musculoskeletal System Osseous hydatid disease and muscular hydatidosis are uncommon and account for 0.5-4% and 0.5-2.5% of all hydatidosis cases, respectively (in endemic areas).159 The most common locations of the osseous hydatid cyst are the vertebra, pelvis, and long bones Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in the previous records from other parts of the world.41 However, in the published cases form Iran, there were 55 cases with variable locations such as the long bone, mandible, maxilla, and pelvis.38-54 Muscle involvement of the hydatid cyst is reported as an uncommon location, because of high lactic acid, which is not a suitable environment for the parasite.58 Cardiovascular

System The heart and large blood vessels also have been reported as the common unusual body sites of the hydatid cyst in endemic areas of the world, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical accounting for 0.5-2% of all the reported cases.160 The diagnostic method unique for this part of the body is echocardiography, which has been claimed as the method of choice for the diagnosis of the cardiac hydatid cyst. Nonetheless, CT scan and MRI are also helpful in other parts of the body.161 Kidney and Urinary Tract The kidney is the most common location

in the urinary tract and has been reported Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in about 2-3% of all cases of the hydatid cyst.83 In many of the previous reports from DNA ligase other parts of the globe, the kidney is reported as the third common site of the hydatid cyst after the liver and lung.162-164 In our survey of the published cases from Iran, however, the renal hydatid cyst was the fourth most common location of the hydatid cyst. The clinical symptoms are nonspecific, and the only interesting and diagnostic symptom reported is hydatiduria.163 The hydatid cyst of the urinary bladder is even less common, and only 2 cases were published from Iran.6,86 This cyst can also present with hydatiduria and is, otherwise, extremely difficult to diagnose before surgery.164 Spleen Less than 2-5% of the cases of the hydatid cyst have been reported from the spleen.165 There were 20 cases of the splenic hydatid cyst published from Iran.