There was also no effect of mOFC lesion on reaching latencies for the social human stimuli in experiment 1c (F1,3 = 2.53, P = 0.210) or interaction between the mOFC lesion and human stimulus type (F1,3 = 0.91, P = 0.410). Finally there was no effect of mOFC lesion on reaching latency in the presence of neutral stimuli (main effect: Vorinostat nmr F1,3 = 1.25, P = 0.345; interaction of mOFC lesion and neutral stimulus category: F1,3 = 2.332, P = 0.0.224). There was, however, a three-way interaction found between lesion, neutral stimuli and session (F3,9 = 4.21, P = 0.041) and a main effect of neutral stimuli

(F1,3 = 22.56, P = 0.018). Inspection of the data suggests that this three-way interaction can be attributed to longer reaching latencies, in the first testing session pre-operatively, towards moving stimuli only. The main effect was due to longer reaching latencies towards the moving stimuli regardless of the presence of lesion

(paired samples t-test: preoperative, t3 = −3.06, P = 0.055; postoperative, t3 = −3.15, P = 0.051). To note, we observed effects of BIBW2992 mw habituation in the responses to all four stimulus types. One-way anovas of session (four levels: four testing days) and fear stimulus (two levels: moving and static snake) revealed a near main effect of session (F3,9 = 4.77, P = 0.068), which individual one-way anovas attributed to habituation to the static snake only (F3,9 = 4.89, P = 0.028); the moving snake did not elicit habituation effects over testing session (F3,9 = 0.77, P = 0.536). Analyses of the other stimulus types revealed

a main effect of session for the social monkey stimuli (F3,9 = 11.92, P = 0.005) and social human stimuli (F3,9 = 11.53, http://www.selleck.co.jp/products/Romidepsin-FK228.html P = 0.002). Effects of session on the neutral stimuli on tended to significance (F3,9 = 4.19, P = 0.091). Not only did the mOFC lesion not alter monkeys’ reaching latencies to the various categories of stimuli but it did not greatly alter any other measure of their social interaction during the test (Fig. 4B). Analysis of the frequency of certain social behaviours revealed very few significant effects. MOFC lesions produced no differences in the frequency with which aggressive or affiliative behaviors were displayed. There was no effect of lesion (F1,3 = 2.99, P = 0.182), Behavioural category (F1,3 = 0.71, P = 0.461) or social stimuli (F4,12 = 0.77, P = 0.507). There was, however, a significant interaction of lesion with stimuli (F4,12 = 5.67, P = 0.008) which appears to be as a result of fewer behavioural responses elicited towards the human staring stimuli after mOFC lesions (two-tailed paired-samples t-test: t3 = 2.45, P = 0.092 and t3 = 5.00, P = 0.015; affiliative and aggressive respectively).