We examine fluctuations of a DW velocity induced by uncontrolled edge Savolitinib datasheet roughness and defects. In the weak pinning regime (regime I), the fluctuation is small. In the intermediate pinning regime (regime II), the DW velocity fluctuates significantly as the density of pinning centers changes. Moreover the threshold current density for the finite density of pinning centers is found to be noticeably larger than the threshold current density for the escape from a single pinning center. Finally, in the strong pinning regime (regime III), the DW velocity fluctuates as the density of pinning centers changes. But the enhancement of the threshold current density does not occur. Thus the fluctuations

of the DW velocity are different in the three pinning regimes. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3125522]“
“Reproduction in humans is unique in two major aspects. First, the incidence of chromosomally abnormal and developmentally compromised human preimplantation embryos is exceptionally high, and second, the uterus decidualizes spontaneously each cycle, a process also responsible for the menstrual shedding of the endometrium in the absence of pregnancy.

Emerging evidence suggests that these distinctive reproductive traits are functionally linked. Thus, the decidual process enables the mother to limit investment in compromised pregnancies, while menstruation imposes a need for constant recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate and renew the endometrium each cycle. Endometrial stem cells are immune-privileged compared Rapamycin cost with other types of adult stem cells,

suggesting a role for these cells in accommodating deeply invading semi-allogenic fetal trophoblast. Thus, by coupling reproductive selleck kinase inhibitor competence to a process of constant tissue renewal, decidualization enables the human uterus to adapt to pregnancy failure and a changing ecology. (C) 2013, Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Light trapping is a key issue to boost the efficiency of thin-film Si solar cells including mu c-Si:H. In this work, effect of textured back reflectors on light trapping in mu c-Si:H cells has been investigated with self-orderly patterned Al substrates obtained by anodic oxidation. By increasing the period of the patterned substrates from 0 to 1.1 mu m, the short circuit current densities of 1-mu m-thick mu c-Si:H cells on the patterned substrates significantly increase from 18 to over 24 mA/cm(2), which is attributed to the improved light trapping in the near infrared region. The optimum period for light trapping is determined to be around 1 mu m for 1-mu m-thick mu c-Si:H cells. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the optimized patterned substrate enhances light trapping effect in a wide range of cell thicknesses of 0.5-4 mu m.