Following formalin treatment, there was an decrease in [H-3]-MK801 binding to NMDA receptors and an increase in [C-14]-2-deoxyglucose uptake in the spinal cords of wild-type mice, and these changes were significantly reduced in the A(2A) knockout mice. In addition to altered behavioural responses, there are therefore corresponding reductions in spinal cord neurochemical changes induced by formalin in mice lacking adenosine A(2A) receptors. VX770 These observations support the hypothesis that activation of A(2A) receptors enhances nociceptive input into
the spinal cord and suggests a possible role for A(2A) antagonists as analgesics. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Nec-1s mw Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In contrast to internal iliac artery (ITA) occlusion, the use of branch stent-graft (BSG) has been developed as all efficient adjunct in preserving pelvic blood flow. However, the risk of post-procedural type 2 endoleak (EL) remains. We present the case of an 80-year-old man with a juxtarenal aneurysm extending to both common and ILA. The patient was treated with a fenestrated device and a left BSG after embolization of the right ILA branches. At 6 months, the persistence of a type 2
EL associated with aneurysm growth mandated EL embolization through the BSG with a good result. Technical issues are discussed. (J Vasc Surg 2010;51:712-4.)”
“Restraint stress delays gastric emptying via uncoordinated motility pattern in rats. Central oxytocin has anxiolytic effects and attenuates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in response to stress and facilitates stress-induced delayed gastric emptying. However, the role
of central oxytocin in regulating gastric motility remains unknown. Postprandial gastric motility was recorded via a strain-gauge transducer, implanted on the antrum in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. To investigate whether central and peripheral oxytocin are involved in gastric motility, oxytocin (10 mu g) was administered intracerebroventricularly (icy) and intraperitoneally (ip). Central PF299804 and peripheral oxytocin administration did not affect the postprandial gastric motility under non-stressed conditions. Restraint stress augmented gastric contractions. Central administration of oxytocin, but not peripheral administration, abolished the augmented postprandial gastric contractions induced by restraint stress. Oxytocin facilitates stress-induced delayed gastric emptying via alleviating uncoordinated gastric motility. Oxytocin might be a candidate for the treatment of stress-induced GI motility disorders. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.”
“Valvular incompetence in the great saphenous vein (GSV) is the most common cause of superficial venous insufficiency and symptomatic varicose vein development.