Future analyses should investigate trends in bone tumour survival across regions, survival by socioeconomic GS-7977 status and the influence of specialised care on further improvements in survival. Croucher, C. et al. (2009). Clinical Oncology 21, 417-424 (C) 2009 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application was synthesized from a hydrophobic polystyrene-butadiene rubber (PSBR) via sulphonation at different temperatures (22, 35, 55, 65, and 75 degrees C) and varying time with chlorosulphonic acid. Infra-red spectroscopy (IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR)

were used to confirm the occurrence of sulphonation. Sulphonation occurred only on the phenyl ring with a maximum degree of sulphonation of 70.96

mole percent. Consequently, 10(-3)-10(-2) S/cm proton conductivity was achieved. Two models for the reaction kinetics were investigated: first-order reversible and first-order irreversible, respectively. However, the reaction kinetic was found to obey the first-order reversible model. The activation energy (E(a)) of the reaction was calculated to be 41.56 kJ/mol of PSBR repeat unit, which is an indication that the reaction is nonspontaneous. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 116: 3473-3479, 2010″
“The time response of tuning-fork based sensors can be improved by operating them at higher eigenmodes because a measurement takes at selleck kinase inhibitor least one oscillation cycle selleck inhibitor in dynamic force microscopy and the oscillation period of the second eigenmode is only about one sixth of the fundamental mode. Here we study the higher-order eigenmodes of quartz qPlus sensors [Bettac et al., Nanotechnology 20, 264009 (2009); Giessibl and Reichling, Nanotechnology 16, S118 (2005); Giessibl, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1470 (2000); and Giessibl, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 3956 (1998)], their equivalent stiffness, and piezoelectric sensitivity, while paying special

attention to the influence of the mass and rotary inertia of the sensing tip which is attached to the end of the qPlus quartz cantilever. A combination of theoretical modeling and scanning laser Doppler vibrometry is used to study the eigenmodes of qPlus sensors with tungsten tips. We find that the geometry of tungsten tips can greatly influence the shape, equivalent stiffness, and piezoelectric sensitivity of the second eigenmode of the quartz cantilever. At a critical tip length it is possible to theoretically achieve infinite equivalent stiffness and infinite piezoelectric sensitivity when the tip becomes a perfect node of vibration and beyond this critical tip length the second eigenmode loses its vibration node and the trajectory of the tip reverses with respect to the beam curvature. The findings have major implications for optimizing tip geometry for high-resolution imaging with qPlus sensors using higher eigenmodes. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.