In addition, several institutes support career development awards to provide early to

mid-career funding to investigators with an interest selleck kinase inhibitor in this field. There is considerable interest in the development of studies that make use of samples and data derived from existing cohorts including the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG), the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), and others. Barriers to research include the relatively low rate of grant funding, though this may be somewhat mitigated by increased funding due to the appropriation of economic stimulus dollars. Furthermore, an increasingly strict regulatory environment has increased regulatory paperwork

related to patient-oriented research. Many key questions remain unanswered with regard to development and management of liver disease in the setting of HIV infection. The development of new agents for treatment of hepatitis C represents both an opportunity and an increased level of complexity as issues of HCV viral mutation and selection, drug toxicity, and drug interactions emerge. Furthermore, it has become clear that few HCV/HIV-coinfected patients are actually deemed treatment candidates, and the formula for successful multidisciplinary interventions that include all infected patients remains elusive. The direct and indirect role of HIV and its Selleckchem Palbociclib soluble proteins on hepatic cells and function remains largely unknown, and issues of gut translocation of endotoxin

and the effect on the liver remain speculative musings at this time. Provocative epidemiologic data Resveratrol suggest that HIV control may be the cornerstone of liver disease prevention, but this hypothesis must be supported by elucidation of pathophysiologic mechanisms that underlie these observations. Hepatitis B therapy seems more manageable, but issues of long-term selection and resistance remain concerning and mandate serious consideration of new strategies for management. The project described was supported by Award Number R13 AI 071925 from the NIAID, and co-funded by the NIDDK and the NIAAA. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIAID, NIDDK, NIAAA, or the NIH. The meeting participants included the following individuals: The chairman was Kenneth E. Sherman, M.D., Ph.D., University of Cincinnati. The cochairs were Margaret J. Koziel, M.D., Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; and Vincent Soriano, M.D., Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. The speakers (invited and selected) were Anthony F. Angelino, M.D., DFAPA, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Laveeza Bhatti, M.D., Ph.D., AIDS Healthcare Foundation; Jason T. Blackard, Ph.D., University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Susan W. Brobst, Ph.D.